Paradigms in Physics: Energy and Entropy | 2026-Winter
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Syllabus
Course Name
Paradigms in Physics: Energy and Entropy
Course Number
ph423
Year/Term
Winter-2026
Course Credits
3
Class meeting times
7 hours of lecture per week for five weeks
Prerequisites
Recommended PH 213
Course description
Thermodynamics and canonical statistical mechanics.
Topic/Day
Activities
Resources
Homework Due
Day 1 W1 D1
Day 2 W1 D2
Interpreting derivatives
Name the experiment
Day 3 W1 D3
Ice calorimetry lab
Ice Calorimetry Lab
Textbook reading: Schroeder section 1.6 "Heat Capacities".
HW 1 (w/ Solution)
HW 1 (pdf)
Day 4 W2 D1
Math Bits:
Differentials
Zapping with d (Lecture)
Differentials (4:08)
GMM: Differentials
GMM: Rules for Differentials
GMM: Properties of Differentials
GMM: Differentials: Summary
Math Bits:
The Multivariable Chain Rule
Product Rule for Differentials (3:14)
Chain Rule for Differentials (2:25)
GMM: The Multivariable Differential
GMM: Chain Rule
GMM: Applications of Chain Rule
GMM: Interpreting Differentials
Math Bits:
Derivatives and differentials
Day 5 W2 D2
Math Bits:
The Isothermal Bulk Modulus (Ethan version)
Zapping With d 1
Prep 5 (w/ Solution)
Prep 5 (pdf)
Math Bits:
Chain Rule Diagrams
Chain Rules (Lecture)
GMM: Chain Rule via Tree Diagrams
GMM: Things NOT to do with differentials
Day 6 W2 D3
New Row
Lab 1
Lab 1 (pdf)
Lab 1: Ice Calorimetry (w/ Solution)
Lab 1: Ice Calorimetry (pdf)
New Row
New Row
Day 7 W3 D1
Derivative of 1D function, 2D function
Isolength and Isoforce Stretchability on the PDM
Derivatives Are Observable (Lecture)
Thermodynamic Systems (Lecture)
GMM: Thick Derivatives
GMM: Leibniz Notation
State variables (4:05)
Thermodynamic systems (4:31)
Math Bits:
PDM Dictionary
Name the experiment (PDM Dictionary)
Day 8 W3 D2
Math Bits:
Partial Derivatives (activity with surface)
HW 2
HW 2 (pdf)
Math Bits:
Other multivariable systems
Isolength and Isoforce Stretchability on the PDM
Day 9 W4 D1
Day ? Mon 10/7
Symmetry of partial derivatives
Maxwell relations
Day 11 Wed 10/9
Second Law
Second Law and Entropy
Thermodynamic Identity
Free expansion
Second Law of Thermodynamics (1:17)
Thermodynamic identity (7:12)
Day 12 Thurs 10/10
Discussion of free expansion worksheet
Free expansion
Day 13 Fri 10/11
Midterm review
Lab 3: Melting Ice
Lab 3: Melting Ice (pdf)
Day 14 Mon 10/14
Midterm review
Midterm Review PH423 Ethan
Practice midterm (not graded)
Practice midterm (not graded) (pdf)
Day 15 W6 D1
First and Second Laws of thermodynamics
Energy, heat and entropy
Fast and Slow
The First Law of Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic Identity
Free expansion
Heat and entropy (4:44)
What is entropy? (3:14)
HW 3
HW 3 (pdf)
Melting ice activity
Heat Capacity and Entropy
Melting Ice Lab
Heat capacity and entropy (9:33)
Day 16 Wed 10/16
Engines and Fridges
Heat Engines
Other views of the Second Law
Day 17 Thurs 10/17
Changing entropy
Heat and Work
Using $pV$ and $TS$ Plots
Day 18 Fri 10/18
Thermodynamics practice
Analyzing a Simple Cycle Using a $p V$ Diagram
Efficiency of reversible heat engines (4:48)
Reversible heat engines and cycles (5:57)
HW5
HW5 (pdf)
Day 19 Mon 10/21
Debrief on midterm results
Thermodynamic potentials
Maxwell Relations
Thermodynamic Potentials
Maxwell relations
Work or no work? (2min42s)
Day 20 Tues 10/22
The Rubber Band Lab
You will be collecting data to quantify the decrease in entropy when a rubber band is isothermally stretched.
HW 6 (updated 3:40pm Mon)
HW 6 (updated 3:40pm Mon) (pdf)
Day 21 Wed 10/23
Thermodynamics Practice
Section 2.1 Schroder
Name the experiment (Maxwell relations)
Video of Feynman discussing the rubber band
Day 22 Thurs 10/24
Segway to Stat Mech
Intro to Statistical Approach
Hakonen 1994 Science Article
Day 23 Fri 10/25
The Boltzmann factor
Interstellar medium
HW 7
HW 7 (pdf)
Day 24 Mon 10/28
Topic for Monday
Interstellar medium
Day 25 Tues 10/29
Boltzmann Statistics
HW8 (updated 5:23pm 10/28)
HW8 (updated 5:23pm 10/28) (pdf)
Day 26 Wed 10/30
Boltzmann Statistics
Water Bending
Day 27 Thurs 10/31
Thermodynamic properties from Boltzmann Stats
Concept review
Thermodynamics Game Show
Day 28 Fri 11/1
Review
Boltzmann Factor Practice Question
Final - Mon 16 March
Final exam
7:00pm - 9:00pm on Monday evening.